Maniyar Math

Maniyar Math is an ancient cylindrical brick shrine located in Rajgir, Nalanda district, Bihar. Excavated in the early 20th century, the site dates primarily to the Gupta period (4th-6th century CE) with earlier origins. It is notable for its unique circular structure and well-preserved stucco images of Nagas and Nagis. Associated with the ancient Naga cult and mentioned in texts, it offers insight into early religious art and architecture in Magadha.

Visitors can expect an open-air excavated archaeological complex centered on a large cylindrical brick structure with a central courtyard. The walls display stucco figures of Nagas, Nagis and other deities in niches, reflecting Gupta-era art. The site is roofless and surrounded by low brick walls and open ground. Information boards explain the excavation history. The setting is quiet and within walking distance of central Rajgir, suitable for short sightseeing and photography.

Maniyar Math was excavated in 1905-06 by T. Bloch of the Archaeological Survey of India. The present cylindrical structure dates mainly to the Gupta period (4th-6th century CE), with evidence of earlier Mauryan and Kushan period occupation. It is identified as a shrine of Mani Naga, a serpent deity mentioned in the Mahabharata and other ancient texts. The site shows a transition from Naga worship to later Hindu and Buddhist associations and is an important example of early brick temple architecture in Magadha.

The site represents the ancient Naga cult that was prominent in early Indian religious traditions. The stucco images of male and female serpent deities reflect folk religious practices that coexisted with Brahmanical and Buddhist traditions in Rajgir, an important centre for Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.