Temple of Literature

The Temple of Literature in Van Mieu Ward, Dong Da District, Hanoi, is a historic Confucian temple complex founded in 1070 and home to the Imperial Academy, Vietnam's first national university established in 1076. Dedicated to Confucius and scholars, it is noted for traditional Vietnamese architecture, five landscaped courtyards, 82 stone stelae of doctoral laureates, and the iconic Khue Van Cac pavilion. It remains a symbol of Hanoi's educational heritage and a major cultural attraction.

Visitors can explore a walled complex of five sequential courtyards connected by gates and pathways, with landscaped gardens, lotus ponds, and traditional wooden temple halls. Highlights include the Great Gate, Khue Van Cac (Pavilion of Constellation), Well of Heavenly Clarity with 82 stone stelae on turtle bases, altars dedicated to Confucius and Chu Van An, and the Imperial Academy buildings with exhibitions on education and examinations. The site offers quiet courtyards, calligraphy displays, and museum exhibits.

Founded in 1070 under Emperor Ly Thanh Tong as a temple dedicated to Confucius, and in 1076 Emperor Ly Nhan Tong established the Imperial Academy (Quoc Tu Giam) within the complex as Vietnam's first national university to educate mandarins and royalty. The 82 surviving stelae, erected between 1484 and 1780, record the names and achievements of doctoral laureates from royal examinations. The complex has been restored through successive dynasties and is preserved as a historic educational center.

A prominent Confucian cultural and educational symbol of Hanoi and Vietnam, representing traditional values of scholarship and respect for learning. It honors Confucius, Chu Van An and other scholars, hosts calligraphy traditions especially during Lunar New Year, and is a venue for graduation ceremonies and cultural events. The Khue Van Cac pavilion is adopted as a symbol of Hanoi.