Periyar Tiger Reserve

Periyar Tiger Reserve is a protected area in Kerala's Western Ghats, renowned for its rich biodiversity including tigers and elephants. Established in 1934 as Nellikkampatty Reserve and declared a tiger reserve in 1978, it spans 925 square kilometers across Idukki and Pathanamthitta districts. The reserve features Periyar Lake, formed by the Mullaperiyar Dam, offering unique boat safari opportunities to observe wildlife. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Western Ghats.

Visitors can expect guided eco-tourism activities including boat safaris on Periyar Lake, nature walks, bamboo rafting, and jungle treks through diverse habitats ranging from evergreen forests to grasslands. The reserve offers opportunities to spot wildlife such as elephants, gaurs, sambar deer, and various bird species from watchtowers and during guided tours. The physical setting includes misty mountain ranges, dense forests, and a large reservoir surrounded by spice plantations.

Established in 1934 as Nellikkampatty Game Sanctuary by the Maharaja of Travancore to prevent tea plantation encroachment. Consolidated as Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary in 1950 after India's political integration. Declared a tiger reserve in 1978 under Project Tiger. The Mullaperiyar Dam was constructed in 1895, creating Periyar Lake.

Home to six tribal communities including Mannans, Paliyans, and Malayarayans who participate in community-based ecotourism programs. The reserve demonstrates harmonious coexistence between indigenous communities and forest conservation efforts.