Gawilghur Fort

Gawilghur Fort is a historic hill fort located in Chikhaldara, Amravati district, Maharashtra, situated at an elevation of 1,103 meters within the Satpura Range. Originally constructed by Gond kings and significantly fortified by the Bahmani dynasty around 1425 AD, it served as a strategic stronghold for various rulers including the Marathas. The fort is renowned for its capture by Arthur Wellesley during the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803. It features Persian inscriptions, ancient water tanks, and rugged defensive architecture integrated into the mountain terrain.

Visitors can expect a moderate trek involving steep and uneven stone steps to reach the fortress ruins at high elevation. Inside, one can explore massive stone walls, three main entrance gates with Persian inscriptions, a mosque with carved lattice screens, and ancient water tanks like Devtalav and Khantalav. The site offers panoramic views of the surrounding Melghat forest and Deccan Plateau. There are no commercial facilities inside, so visitors must carry their own water and navigate rugged, unlit terrain during daylight hours.

Originally built by Gond rulers in the 12th-13th century and reconstructed in stone by Bahmani king Ahmed Shah Wali in 1425 AD, Gawilghur was a critical military outpost controlling the Satpura ranges. It passed through Mughal and Maratha control before being famously besieged and captured by British forces under Arthur Wellesley on December 15, 1803, marking a decisive victory in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The fort was subsequently returned to Maratha commander Rana Shivsingh Rajput but was later abandoned.

The fort derives its name from the Gawli (cowherd) community who historically inhabited the Berar region. Its architecture reflects a synthesis of indigenous, Persian, and Pathan influences, evidenced by inscriptions and the mosque within the complex. As an ASI-protected monument and part of the Melghat landscape, it represents centuries of regional power dynamics and cultural exchange in Vidarbha.