Candi Penataran

Candi Penataran is the largest Hindu temple complex in East Java, located in Penataran Village, Nglegok District, Blitar Regency, about 12 km north of Blitar city. Built between the 12th and 15th centuries during the Kediri, Singhasari and Majapahit periods, it is dedicated primarily to Shiva. The complex features tiered terraces, stone reliefs depicting the Ramayana and other epics, and multiple shrines spread across a spacious compound at the foot of Mount Kelud.

Visitors can expect a large, open-air archaeological complex with multiple stone temples and shrines set in a landscaped, forested area. The main Penataran Temple is approached through tiered courtyards with carved reliefs, statues, and gateways. Paths connect smaller temples within the compound. The site is tranquil and spacious, with information panels, shaded areas, and opportunities for sightseeing, photography and learning about classical Javanese architecture and Hindu iconography.

Candi Penataran was constructed over several centuries from the 12th to 15th century, spanning the Kediri, Singhasari and Majapahit kingdoms. Inscriptions date the earliest construction to 1197 CE. It is mentioned in the Nagarakretagama as Palah and was visited by King Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit. Dedicated primarily to Shiva, it served as a major state temple and is the largest surviving Hindu temple complex in East Java.

The complex is an important example of classical East Javanese Hindu architecture and art, known for its narrative reliefs depicting the Ramayana, Krishnayana and other stories. It remains a cultural heritage site and a place of historical and educational value, reflecting the religious and artistic traditions of ancient Java.